国家自然科学基金(61771083,61704015)
长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT1299)
重庆市科委重点实验室专项经费
重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究(cstc2017jcyjAX0380,cstc2015jcyjBX0065)
重庆市高校优秀成果转化(KJZH17117)
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Functional layer | Number of neurons | Calculation process |
Input layer | Signal feature dimension $d$ | (1) Compute ${z_k}~=~{\boldsymbol~x}_k^{\rm{T}}{\boldsymbol~x}~(k~=~1,{\rm{~}}~\ldots~,~n)$, in which ${\boldsymbol~x}~=~({{{x_1}}~/~{\sqrt~{\sum\nolimits_{j~=~1}^d~{x_j^2}~}~}},~\ldots~,$ ${{{x_d}}~/~{\sqrt~{\sum\nolimits_{j~=~1}^d~{x_j^2}~}~}})$ and ${{\boldsymbol~x}_k}~=~({{{x_{k1}}}~/~{\sqrt~{\sum\nolimits_{j~=~1}^d~{x_{kj}^2}~}~}},{\rm{~}}~\ldots~,{\rm{~}}{{{x_d}}~/~{\sqrt~{\sum\nolimits_{j~=~1}^d~{x_{kj}^2}~}~}})$ are normalization vectors of test sample and $k$-th training sample, respectively, $n$ is the size of training samples. (2) Assign the connection weights $\omega_{jk}$ of the $j$-th neuron in the input layer and the $k$-th neuron in the model layer, and the assignment process is described in Algorithm 3. |
Model layer | $n$ | (1) Compute kernel density function $\varphi~({z_k})~=~\exp~(\frac{{{z_k}~-~1}}{{{\delta~^2}}})$, in which $\delta$ is the smoothing factor. (2) Assign the connection weights ${a_{ki}}~(i~=~1,{\rm{~}}~\ldots~,{\rm{~}}c)$ of the $k$-th neuron in the model layer and the $i$-th neuron in the summation layer, in which $c$ is the number of states. If ${\boldsymbol~x}_k$ belongs to $i$-th state, then $a_{ki}=1$, otherwise $a_{ki}=0$, as described in Algorithm 3. |
Summation layer | $c$ | Compute the conditional probability of ${\boldsymbol~x}$ belonging to the $i$-th state ${g_i}({\boldsymbol{x)}}~=~\frac{{{P_i}}}{{{N_i}}}\sum\nolimits_{k~\in~\{~1,{\rm{~}}~\ldots~,{\rm{~}}n\}~~\cup~{a_{ki}}~=~1}~{\varphi~({z_k})}$, in which $P_i$ is the priori probability of the $i$-th state and, $N_i$ is the number of training samples that belong to the $i$-th state. |
Output layer | $1$ | Compute$\max~\{~{g_i}({\boldsymbol~x}),{\rm{~}}i~\in~\{~1,{\rm{~}}~\ldots~,{\rm{~}}c\}~\}$, in which the $i$ that corresponds to the maximum value of $g_i({\boldsymbol~x})$ is the output state of PNN. |
Performance index | Ref. [18] | Ref. [12] | The proposed method |
Time overhead (s) | 6.03 | 7.25 | 3.41 |
Performance index | MA | MV | Radio tomographic imaging | Neural network | The proposed method |
Missed detection probability (%) | 14.46 | 14.26 | 7.08 | 5.23 | 3.42 |
False detection probability (%) | 13.85 | 10.40 | 12.47 | 9.01 | 7.96 |
Successful detection probability (%) | – | – | 95.8 | 94.5 | 97.40 |
Average time overhead | 2.35 | 2.46 | 9.77 | 6.57 | 6.62 |
for single detection (s) |