北京交通大学人才基金(KKRC11001532)
国家自然科学基金(61370130,61473294)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2015JBM033)
[1] Barzilay R, McKeown K. Extracting paraphrases from a parallel corpus. In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Toulouse, 2001. 50--57. Google Scholar
[2] Callison-Burch C, Koehn P, Osborne M. Improved statistical machine translation using paraphrases. In: Proceedings of the Main Conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics, New York, 2006. 17--24. Google Scholar
[3] Barzilay R. Information fusion for multi-document summarization: paraphrasing and generation. Dissertation for Ph.D. Degree. New York: Columbia University, 2003. Google Scholar
[4] Zhou L, Lin C Y, Munteanu D S, et al. ParaEval: using paraphrases to vealuate summaries automatically. In: Proceedings of the Main Conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics, New York, 2006. 447--454. Google Scholar
[5] Zukerman I, Raskutti B. Lexical query paraphrasing for document retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Taipei, 2002. 1--7. Google Scholar
[6] Iordanskaja L, Kittredge R, Polguere A. Lexical selection and paraphrase in a meaning-text generation model. In: Proceedings of Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics. New York: Springer, 1991. 293--312. Google Scholar
[7] McKeown K. Paraphrasing using given and new information in a question-answer system. In: Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, La Jolla, 1979. 67--72. Google Scholar
[8] Madnani N, Dorr B J. Generating phrasal and sentential paraphrases: a survey of data-driven methods. Comput Linguist, 2010, 3: 341--387. Google Scholar
[9] Bannard C, Callison-Burch C. Paraphraseing with bilingual parallel corpora. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, Michigan, 2005. 597--604. Google Scholar
[10] Kok S, Brockett C. Hitting the right paraphrases in good time. In: Proceedings of the Main Conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics, Los Angeles, 2010. 145--153. Google Scholar
[11] Brand M. A random walks perspective on maximizing satisfaction and profit. In: Proceedings of the 2005 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Irvine, 2005. 12--19. Google Scholar
[12] Sarkar P, Moore A W, Prakash A. Fast incremental proximity search in large graphs. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Machine learning. Helsinki: Finland Ages, 2008. 896--903. Google Scholar
Figure 3
Translation relation graph of phrases translation table
Figure 4
The random walk of an ant. (a) The ant at the start node; (b) after one step of random walk
Figure 5
Translation relation graph of Chinese-English phrase translation table integrated with that of English-Japanese
Figure 6
An example acquired by adding English-Japanese phrase table
Example | Chinese phrase | English phrase |
|
| ||||
1 | 充当 阳极 | acts as an anode | 0.333333 | 0.25 | ||||
2 | 用作 阳极 | acts as an anode | 0.333333 | 1 | ||||
3 | 用作 阳极 | serving as an anode | 0.5 | 0.0416 | ||||
4 | 作为 阳极 | serving as an anode | 1 | 0.0313 |
|
---|
|
|
|
$j \Leftarrow 1$; |
|
RandomDetermineTheNextPath($j$, Graph); |
GoForwardOneStep; |
Record(AntState); |
$j \Leftarrow j + 1$; |
|
$t \Leftarrow t+1 $; |
|
Number | Given phrase | Number | Given phrase |
1 | 传送 给 远程 | 6 | 不断 提高 |
2 | 船体 | 7 | 家庭 用品 |
3 | 微不足道 | 8 | 充当 阳极 |
4 | 发送 图像 | 9 | 我们 期望 |
5 | 医药 材料 | 10 | 专属 |
Experiment |
|
|
|
| ||||||||
1 | 3.79 | 2.88 | 24.01 | 8.34 | ||||||||
2 | 11.56 | 7.18 | 37.89 | 5.28 | ||||||||
3 | 15.32 | 9.04 | 40.99 | 4.53 |
Number | Given phrase |
| Hitting time | Number | Given phrase |
| Hitting time | ||||
发送 给 远端 | 9.44202 | 继续 增大 | 11.2896 | ||||||||
传送 到 远处 | 10.6529 | 连续 升高 | 11.3157 | ||||||||
传输 到 远端 | 10.8738 | 日益 提高 | 11.8252 | ||||||||
传送 到 远端 | 11.3424 | 然后 增加 | 11.8338 | ||||||||
传输 给 远端 | 11.452 | 连续 增加 | 11.8834 | ||||||||
朝向该远程 | 11.8415 | 以及 提高 | 11.9046 | ||||||||
传输 到 远程 | 11.8629 | 继续 增加 | 11.9507 | ||||||||
1 | 传送到远程 | 传递 到 远端 | 11.9333 | 4 | 不断 提高 | 相继 增加 | 11.9507 | ||||
传递 给 远程 | 11.9999 | 日益 增多 | 11.9636 | ||||||||
运输 至 遥远 | 11.9999 | 然后 增大 | 11.9724 | ||||||||
_命令发送到 | 12 | 连续 增大 | 11.9935 | ||||||||
_距离该远端 | 12 | 持续 上升 | 11.9943 | ||||||||
_向 远端延伸 | 12 | 持续 增长 | 11.9947 | ||||||||
_溶液传送至 | 12 | 然后 升高 | 11.9964 | ||||||||
_给远端位置 | 12 | 不断 增大 | 11.9970 | ||||||||
船壳 | 11.8173 | 医疗 器具 | 9.59756 | ||||||||
2 | 船体 | 船身 | 11.9981 | 5 | 医药 材料 | 医学 材料 | 9.62103 | ||||
船侧 | 11.9999 | 医学 物质 | 9.87545 | ||||||||
轮船 | 11.9999 | 医疗 材料 | 11.5707 | ||||||||
无足轻重 | 11.9998 | 传输 图像 | 11.3969 | ||||||||
3 | 微不足道 | 无关紧要 | 11.9998 | 6 | 发送 图像 | 图像 传输 | 11.9899 | ||||
忽略不计 | 11.9999 | 传送 图像 | 11.9999 |