The work of Z G Ding was supported by the UK EPSRC (Grant No. EP/P009719/2). This work was also supported in part by H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 (Grant No. 690750) and Ministry of Education Malaysia and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Grant Nos. 4J416, 08G83, 19H58, 04G37).
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Figure 1
(Color online) Superiority of NOMA over OMA. (a) Rate region; (b) gain over FDMA.
Figure 2
(Color online) Downlink multi-cell networks with co-existence of AU and TU.
Figure 3
(Color online) Ground-to-air channel. (a) Channel attenuation; (b) probability of LOS.
Figure 4
(Color online) Signal characteristics. (a) Coverage probability; (b) desired signal strength; (c) ICI level.
Figure 5
(Color online) Signal behaviors. (a) Coverage probability; (b) desired signal; (c) NOMA co-channel interference.
Figure 6
(Color online) NOMA vs. OMA. (a) Average TU rate; (b) average AU rate.
| Reference | System | Work type | Key findings |
| | OMA | G2A channel: analysis, measurement, | Effects of LOS/NLOS, sidelobe, coverage holes, |
| simulation, modeling | shadowing, small-scale fading, interference, mobility | ||
| | OMA | Air-to-ground (A2G) channel: analysis, | Probability of LOS/NLOS |
| measurement, simulation, modeling | |||
| | OMA | ICI: analysis and mitigation methods | Coding, user association, transmitting, |
| and receiving strategies could efficiently mitigate ICI | |||
| | OMA | Massive MIMO | Array gain and spatial multiplexing can be obtained |
| | OMA | AUs' trajectories | AUs may plan their optimal trajectories |
| based on existing cellular infrastructure | |||
| | NOMA | Uplink | NOMA technique can further be used to |
| | Downlink | improve AUs' performance |
| Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value |
| ($\varphi$, $\xi$, $\zeta$) | (1, 0.151, 1) | $G^{\text{rx}}_u$/$G^{\text{rx}}_t~$ | 1 dB |
| ($E_u$, $E_t$) | ($-3$, 10) dB | $(m^{\text{L}}_{u}$, $m^{\text{N}}_{u}$, $m_t$) | (3, 2, 1) |
| $\lambda_b$ | 10 BSs/km$^2$ | ($\theta^{\text{L}}_{u}$, $\theta^{\text{N}}_{u}$, $\theta_t$) | ($\frac{1}{3}$, $\frac{1}{2}$, $1$) |
| $B_{\rm~w}$ | 180 KHz/RB | $f_{\rm~c}$ | 2 GHz |
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