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This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 71571091, 71771112, 61473054).
Appendixes A–E.
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Figure 1
(Color online) GSTs of Au($n$) $(n=12,\ldots,30)$ clusters achieved by HQPSO.
$t=1$; initialize the population, calculate the fitness value of each particle, and record the personal best solution ${\rm~Pb}_{i}$ and its fitness ${\rm~Fb}_{i}$, the globe best solution $G$ and its fitness Fg; |
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Execute global search strategy using Eq. ( |
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Execute local search strategy using Eq. ( |
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Execute enhanced search strategy usingEq. ( |
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Calculate the fitness of each new particle; update ${\rm~Pb}_{i}$ and $~{\rm~Fb}_{i}$, $G$ and Fg by using greedy selection method; |
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Execute hopping operation using Eq. ( |
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$t=t+1$; |