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SCIENCE CHINA Chemistry
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SCIENCE CHINA Chemistry, Volume 64 , Issue 4 : 636-641(2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-021-9966-x

Oxygen-promoted synthesis of armchair graphene nanoribbons on Cu(111)

Penghui Ji 1,2, Oliver MacLean 2,3,*, Gianluca Galeotti 2,4, Dominik Dettmann 2, Giulia Berti 2, Kewei Sun 1,5, Haiming Zhang 1, Federico Rosei 2,*, Lifeng Chi 1,*
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  • ReceivedJan 19, 2021
  • AcceptedFeb 22, 2021
  • PublishedMar 1, 2021

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Abstract


Funded by

the Ministry of Science and Technology(2017YFA0205002)

the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21790053,51821002)

and the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology. F. R. is also supported by NSERC through individual Discovery Grants as well as by an FRQNT team grant. F. R. is grateful to the Canada Research Chair program for funding and partial salary support.


Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (2017YFA0205002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21790053, 51821002), and the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology. F. R. is also supported by NSERC through individual Discovery Grants as well as by an FRQNT team grant. F. R. is grateful to the Canada Research Chair program for funding and partial salary support.


Interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.


Supplement

Supporting information

The supporting information is available online at http://chem.scichina.com and http://link.springer.com/journal/11426. The supporting materials are published as submitted, without typesetting or editing. The responsibility for scientific accuracy and content remains entirely with the authors.


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    Figure 1

    LT STM images (T = 4.6 K) of the synthesis of 3p-AGNRs on Cu(111). (a) STM image of OM chains formed by the dehalogenation of DBTP. Yellow circles and blue ellipses indicate copper atoms and terphenylene segments in the magnified image in the inset (Vb = 1 V, It = 0.1 nA; inset: Vb = 1 V, It = 0.1 nA). (b) 3-AGNRs synthesized after annealing at 513 K (Vb = 1 V, It = 0.1 nA). (c) Lateral fusion between 3-AGNRs occurring after annealing at 593 K, contributing to the formation of 6-AGNRs (Vb = 1 V, It = 1 nA). (d) Co-adsorbed 3-AGNRs and wider AGNRs after annealing at 633 K (Vb = −0.1 V, It = 1 nA) (color online).

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    Scheme 1

    Synthesis of 3p-AGNRs on the pure Cu(111) and partially oxidized Cu(111). Bonds formed during lateral fusion are shown in red (color online).

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    Figure 2

    (a, b) Calculated structures for the initial self-assembly of 3-AGNRs and Br atoms (a) and after intercalation of one Br atom (b). (c, d) Simulated STM images for the structures above, showing that the intercalated Br causes the upper phenylene to appear bright. Black and white rectangles indicate the supercell and red arrows show the position of the intercalated Br (atom colors: Br: dark red, C: black, H: white, Cu: light brown) (color online).

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    Figure 3

    LT STM images (T = 4.6 K) of 3p-AGNRs synthesized on Cu (111) with the introduction of O2. (a) Image of 3-AGNRs formed after annealing OM chains at 513 K (Vb = −1 V, It = 0.1 nA). Inset is a high-resolution image of 3-AGNRs (Vb = −0.05 V, It = 1 nA). (b) Dose 60 Langmuir (L) of O2 when sample is held at 403 K (Dashed blue lines mark the oxidized area; Vb = −1 V, It = 0.1 nA). (c) Brighter features appear after annealing at 453 K lasting 15 min (Vb = −1 V, It = 0.1 nA). Inset is a magnified image (Vb = −0.1 V, It = 0.1 nA). (d) 3p-AGNRs synthesized after annealing the sample at 453 K lasting 60 min (Vb = −0.1 V, It = 1 nA). Inset is a magnified image (Vb = −0.1 V, It = 1 nA) (color online).

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    Figure 4

    (a) C 1s XPS spectra of the synthesis of 3p-AGNRs on Cu(111) at various temperatures. (b, c) C 1s and O 1s XPS spectra of the synthesis of 3p-AGNRs on Cu(111) with oxygen introduced after the formation of 3-AGNR (color online).