Excited-state dynamics in condensed matter
Abstract
<p indent="0mm">Excited-state dynamics in condensed matter systems plays a crucial role in determining their properties. Understanding and controlling ultrafast dynamics across multiple dimensions—such as time, space, energy, momentum, and spin—has become a key emerging direction in modern condensed matter physics. In recent decades, time-resolved ultrafast laser technology based on pump-probe techniques has advanced significantly. This technology has been integrated with various experimental methods, leading to developments in ultrafast spectroscopy, time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES), ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), ultrafast electron diffraction (UED), and ultrafast X-ray techniques, enabling the study of lattice, electron, and spin dynamics. Meanwhile, to provide a clearer physical picture of ultrafast dynamics, real-time first-principles methods have been developed by combining electronic structure methods with dynamic approaches, allowing the study of multidimensional lattice, electron, and spin behaviors. This article reviews recent progress in the field and discusses its future challenges and opportunities.</p>
